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씨디바이오 | CDBIO

Molecular Tech

Li+@c60 Molecular Sensor

Li+@C60 Lithium endohedral fullerene

Key Members

Ph.D. Eunsang KWON,
Ph. D. Yasuhiko KASAMA

C60 Fullerene

Lithium Endohedral Fullerene

Core Technologies

Ultra-precise cancer diagnosis technology using the energy level,
utilizing properties of Li+@C60(Lithium Endohedral Fullerene)

Li+@C60

Molecule Diagnosis System

Development History

Next-Generation Healthcare Platform using
Molecular Physical Chemistry

Patents

CDBIO possesses patents on four key patents, including a molecular sensor and a lung cancer sensor, using the properties of 'lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60).

Core Competency

Diagnosis Time, Accuracy, Diagnosis Cost

Li+@C60 Molecular Sensor

The core technology of CDBIO's molecular-medical/healthcare platform is based on molecular sensor technology using lithium endohedral fullerene.

Lithium Endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60) is an emerging carbon nanomaterial, the most important type of endohedral metallofullerene, and is commercialized for the first time through a joint study by Ph D. Eun-Sang Kwon, a professor at the Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules at Tohoku Univ., Japan, and Ph. D. Yasuhiko Kasama, a colleague at Tohoku University and CEO of Idea International.

Lithium endohedral fullerene is the lowest energy level material ever developed or discovered. The energy level refers to the energy value of quantized states in which electrons in the quantum mechanical system, such as atoms, molecules, or solid matters, can be formed. Also, it is a state-of-the-art diagnostic sensor that combines molecular physics and electrochemistry to diagnose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused by disease in the human body with extreme precision on a molecular basis, using the electrical properties of lithium endohedral fullerene.

Key Members

Ph.D. Eunsang KWON
Ph. D. Yasuhiko KASAMA

Ph.D. Eunsang KWON
  • Master of Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
  • PhD Department of Science, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
  • Frontier Researcher at the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
  • Researcher at Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials Science, Tohoku University
  • Assistant Professor, Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University
  • Currently Associate Professor at Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
  • Over 133 papers published ( https://researchmap.jp/eunsangkwon ) - Research advisor at Idea International
  • Chief Technology Officer at Cytok Engineering Inc.
  • Successfully commercialized Li+@C60 for the first time in the world
Ph. D. Yasuhiko KASAMA
  • PhD in Electronics Engineering
  • Special approved visiting professor at Tohoku University
  • Established a research base for nanocarbon synthesis and applied properties within Tohoku University
  • Special Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
  • Developed lung cancer diagnostic sensors and molecular sensors
  • CEO of Idea International
  • Successfully commercialized Li+@C60 for the first time in the world
C60 Fullerene

Carbon allotropes discovered in 1985 by Nobel Laureates Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley, and Robert Curl, who ushered in the era of nanoscience.

A hollow, soccer-ball-shaped carbon molecule with 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons formed by a combination of sixty carbon atoms with a diameter of about 0.7 nm. Highly stable construction to withstand extremely high temperatures and pressures.

The strength of C60 fullerene is that it can make numerous derivatives through chemical reactions or induce changes in physicochemical properties by modifying the surface or inserting other molecules into the space inside fullerene.

Based on these properties, it is used as electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications using a fullerene compound to which oxygen and hydrogen atoms are attached as a conductor; various optoelectronic functions and radioisotope carriers, storage batteries through interactions with light due to the electromagnetic field spread throughout the molecular skeleton (e.g., light absorption, luminescence, photoconductivity, and photoelectric force effect); drug delivery (carrier) that stores and transports drug ingredients inside fullerene.

※ Carbon nanotube when fullerene structure is made into an extended tube / Graphene when flattened
Li+@C60 Fullerene

Li+@C60 Lithium Endohedral Fullerene

Lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60) is a new nanomaterial containing lithium ions inside C60 fullerene in a vacuum state (new material registered in 2006)

Successful commercialization for the first time in the world through joint research between Ph D. Eunsang KWON , CTO of CDBIO and currently a professor at the Center for Macromolecular Analysis, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Japan, and Dr. Yasuhiko KASAMA, a colleague at Tohoku University and CEO of Idea International.

Lithium Endohedral fullerene has a very interesting structure where internal cations having positive charges and external anions having negative charges are separated by the carbon frame between them, from its structure, very high electronic affinity and ion conductivity are mainly inherited. In addition, it offers very high dye sensitization and a stable and long duration of charge separation.

CDBIO Co., Ltd. develops a molecular diagnostic system capable of ultra-precise diagnosis of the concentration difference of VOCs contained in respiration above the ppt level by utilizing the electrochemical properties of lithium endohedral fullerene.

Core Technologies

(1) Li+@C60 Molecular Sensor

Molecules equivalent to 1 ppt of all molecules contained in an exhalation of 500 cc at a time 1.19×1022×10-12≒1.19×1010

The amount of charge released by one-electron oxidation 1.6×10-19C×1.19×1010≒1.9×10-9C

The change in this charge amount is detected as 1.9nA, of which 1% is ionized and detected as 19pA

Development of a high-precision measuring sensor that can measure pA (ppt precision) with a molecular sensor using electrochemistry

We used an electrolyte water solution that is not harmful to our bodies while it violently reacts to the target VOCs contained in 500cc exhalation, in order to develop this supramolecules compound and synthesized it with Lithium Endohedral fullerene to develop supramolecules sensors consisting of a single carbon nano tube.

In this supramolecules sensor, there exist various conduction layers where the energy potential for the target VOCs with a high possibility for potential bio markers we want to detect is set ahead of times, and by combining it with high chemical reactivity of Lithium Endohedral fullerene, it is possible to maximize the sensitivity of sensor.

Ultra-precise detection is attained by forming a molecular sensor with a size of 2 nanometers at high density in a narrow space of 220 microns in width x height (0.2200000mm). (About 1.2×1016 (12,000,000,000,000,000) supramolecules synthesized dye and lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60) are loaded in the entire 4mm space of the molecular sensor unit.)

It is the world's first molecular sensor that uses the principle of electrochemistry and measures using the potential scan method, etc., enabling ultra-precise analysis more than ppt beyond the existing detection limit.

Core Technologies

(2) Energy Level

In the initial state, energy levels such as potential VOC biomarker substances (target VOC molecules), Dye, and Li+@C60 are set so that electrons do not move from the anode to the cathode.

When light energy is irradiated to the dye, the electrons in the HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) of the dye are excited to the LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), and the electrons excited to the LUMO of the dye move through the LUMO of Li+@C60 to the TiO2 cathode. Meanwhile, electrons present in the HOMO of the potential VOC biomarker substance move to the holes generated in the HOMO of the dye, and electrons are supplied from the Pt anode to the generated holes to form a closed current circuit.

Here, the difference in concentration of potential VOC biomarker substances is detected by measuring the flowing current. In principle, due to its extremely high precision capability as one electron flows for one molecule of potential VOC biomarker substance, it is an advanced diagnostic technology that can create customized prescriptions and treatment methods for patients by enabling early diagnosis of diseases (e.g., lung cancer) and monitoring the sensitivity and sensitivity of potential VOC biomarker substances according to the dosing effect depending on the configuration of the system.

Li+@C60 Molecular Diagnosis System


Ultra-precise diagnosis of potential VOC biomarker substances contained in respiration with the world's first molecular sensor to which electrochemical principles are applied.

Monitoring the presence of disease, progression status, development of therapeutic agents, and administration effects through our analysis algorithm applied with ‘principal component analysis’ and ‘multivariate analysis’ based on the current value measured by the molecular sensor loaded with lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60) and supramolecular dye.

The most accurate and precise diagnostic system developed to date, including liquid biopsy

< From the high-resolution metabolic papers published in Nature in 2021 >
< Example of live data extraction detected by CDBIO's first prototype system in 2019 >

Completion of live data detection and analysis through the first prototype equipment developed in 2019

Detection of potential VOC biomarker substances discussed in foreign papers

Currently, developing a new model product with a molecular sensor capable of detecting three potential VOC biomarker substances.

2-dimensional distribution map
3-dimensional distribution map
Development History
KOREA
JAPAN
2009
  • In 2006, Ph.D. Eunsang KWON and the team from Tohoku Univ developed a lithium endohedral fullerene and registered as a new substance
  • Successfully commercialized in 2009
2018
  • Developed the first prototype of lung cancer diagnosis system equipped with molecular sensor in Korea in 2018
  • Participated in exhibition at Tokyo Bigsight, Japan
  • Developed molecular sensor in 2017
  • Developed sensor electrode in 2018
2021
  • Filed a patent for lung cancer diagnosis system in 2019
  • Commenced development of second
    prototype of lung cancer diagnosis system
  • Founded CDBIO Co., Ltd. In 2021
  • Upgraded lung cancer sensor and established Li+@C60 production system in 2021
2022
  • Completed development of lung cancer diagnosis system and planning clinical trials
  • Expecting to complete mass production system and SW development
  • Targeting full-fledged release in 2023
Patent Status (Registered)

CDBIO possesses patents on four key patents, including a molecular sensor and a lung cancer sensor, using the properties of 'lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60).

Patent Status
CDBIO possesses patents on four key patents, including a molecular sensor and a lung cancer sensor, using the properties of 'lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60). Among these, the patent for an ultra-precise technology that detects the presence, type, and quantity of the disease on a molecular basis, namely “molecular sensor,” is currently pending an international patent under PCT (the Patent Cooperation Treaty).

In addition, two designs and two trademarks have been registered, and six patents are pending for a diagnostic solution based on data and artificial intelligence generated from cancer diagnostic sensors and portable cancer diagnostic devices.

Also, we plan to apply for a number of patents related to cancer diagnosis and treatment using the characteristics of lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60), and are ready to file a patent for an AI-based blockchain platform that provides medical (diagnosis, treatment) and healthcare services optimized for the individual health condition.
< Molecular sensor >
< Lung cancer sensor using exhalation >
< Cancer diagnosis system using energy levels >
< Portable lung cancer diagnosis system >
< A volatile organic compound (VOCs) detection device contained in exhaled air and a volatile organic compound (VOCs) diagnostic system using the same >
Patent Status (Applied)
Also, we plan to apply for several patents related to cancer diagnosis and treatment using the characteristics of lithium endohedral fullerene (Li+@C60) and are ready to file a patent for an AI-based blockchain platform that provides medical (diagnosis, treatment) and healthcare services optimized for the individual health condition.
Patent application number Patent name Patent details
10-2019-0104071 Cancer Sensors Using Energy Levels A sensor designed to use the energy level of the redox potential to let electrons move by mediating electrons donated by cancer substance (or a substance caused by cancer).
10-2019-0104073 Portable cancer diagnosis device using energy level A device that accurately diagnose with a precision higher than the PPT level, using the energy level of redox potentials such as Li+@C60, dyes and electrodes. Applicable to all types of cancer.
10-2019-0104074 Portable cancer diagnosis system using smartphone A portable cancer diagnosis system that detects cancer using a smartphone.
10-2019-0104075 Portable lung cancer diagnosis device using exhalation A sensor that detects the development and progression of lung cancer by detecting lung cancer substances contained in raw breath.
10-2019-0104078 Cancer diagnosis system using big data and artificial intelligence A system that provides information on cancer development, type, and progression by analyzing cancer screening data using artificial intelligence.
10-2018-0117028 Exhalation trapping device for cancer diagnosis Exhalation trapping device that collects cancer substances contained in exhaled air to diagnose cancer occurrence
Patent application number Patent name
Patent details
10-2019-0104071 Cancer Sensors Using Energy Levels
A sensor designed to use the energy level of the redox potential to let electrons move by mediating electrons donated by cancer substance (or a substance caused by cancer).
10-2019-0104073 Portable cancer diagnosis device using energy level
A device that accurately diagnose with a precision higher than the PPT level, using the energy level of redox potentials such as Li+@C60, dyes and electrodes. Applicable to all types of cancer.
10-2019-0104074 Portable cancer diagnosis system using smartphone
A portable cancer diagnosis system that detects cancer using a smartphone.
10-2019-0104075 Portable lung cancer diagnosis device using exhalation
A sensor that detects the development and progression of lung cancer by detecting lung cancer substances contained in raw breath.
10-2019-0104078 Cancer diagnosis system using big data and artificial intelligence
A system that provides information on cancer development, type, and progression by analyzing cancer screening data using artificial intelligence.
10-2018-0117028 Exhalation trapping device for cancer diagnosis
Exhalation trapping device that collects cancer substances contained in exhaled air to diagnose cancer occurrence
Core Competences

Time, Accuracy & Cost

Core Competences 01-Time

Diagnosing VOCs by respiratory analysis companies and research institutes overseas is complex and takes a considerable amount of time. However, CDBIO provides diagnostic results within ten minutes at the test site.

In the case of overseas VOCs analysis companies and research institutes
6 Step & 7 more days

CD BIO

Just 10 min

Core Competences 02-Accuracy

Currently, the global medical community is developing methods by applying various diagnosis technologies to analyze volatile organic substances from breathing.

For example, Company O, a specialist in respiratory analysis in the UK, can only measure up to ppb level. Also, even with various technologies such as semiconductor sensors and bio chips, accuracy higher than the ppb level is not achievable until now.

However, in the case of a supramolecular sensor using lithium endohedral fullerene, it is

Company / Institution Diagnostic Tech Accuracy
NIMS Cantilever ppm(1/106) ~ ppb(1/109)
AIST (National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology, Japan)
Semiconductor Sensor ppb
Panasonic Bio Chip Used after concentrating ten million times
Owlstone Medical GC-MS analysis ppb
CDBIO Li+@C60 Molecular Sensing Accuracy of ppt (1/1012) level
(Detectable with 100cc ~ 300cc exhalation)
Company / Institution Diagnostic Tech
Accuracy
NIMS Cantilever
ppm(1/106) ~ ppb(1/109)
AIST (National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology, Japan)
Semiconductor Sensor
ppb
Panasonic Bio Chip
Used after concentrating ten million times
Owlstone Medical GC-MS analysis
ppb
CDBIO Li+@C60 Molecular Sensing
Accuracy of ppt (1/1012) level
(Detectable with 100cc ~ 300cc exhalation)
Core Competences 03-Cost

Comparing the diagnosis cost with competitors in the existing cancer diagnosis market using 'Liquid Biopsy' technology, which has attracted the most attention in the global cancer precision medicine industry since the announcement by MIT as 'Innovative New Technology of the Year' in 2015, it is 40 to 58 times cheaper than traditional tests, over ten times cheaper than the most popular Grail’s product, and more than eight times cheaper than traditional PCR molecular diagnostics.

Company Product Tech Detail Cost
Biocept Target Selector Sequencing
/FISH
Identifying 13 genetic mutations by using ctDNA and CTC N/A
Grail N/A Sequencing
(Deep seq)
Illumina-based diagnostic technology under development $1,000
Guardant Guardant360 Sequencing
(Deep seq)
Identifying 70 gene mutations $5,800
Oncocyte Oncocyte DX test Sequencing Diagnosing lung, breast and bladder cancer $4,000
Genomic Health Ocotype SEQ Sequencing Identifying 17 gene mutations N/A
CDBIO CANCERBOX Li+@C60
Molecular Sensing
Measuring the energy level of cancer substances by using the characteristics of Li+@C60 (lithium endohedral fullerene) Less than $100
Myriad myRisk Sequencing 28 Cancer Genes Panel $4,500
Foundation Medicine FoundationACT™ Sequencing
(Deep seq)
Executing deep seq by using ctDNA(61 genes in total) $5,800
Qiagen REPLI-g
Single Cell Kit
PCR Developing isolation kits such as ctDNA, MIRNA, and RNA $800
Trovagene Trover Test Sequencing Monitoring cancer gene mutations by using urine (EGRF, KRAS, BRA) N/A
Company Product Tech Cost
Detail
Biocept Target Selector Sequencing
/ FISH
N/A
Identifying 13 genetic mutations by using ctDNA and CTC
Grail N/A Sequencing
(Deep seq)
$1,000
Illumina-based diagnostic technology under development
Guardant Guardant360 Sequencing
(Deep seq)
$5,800
Identifying 70 gene mutations
Oncocyte Oncocyte DX test Sequencing $4,000
Diagnosing lung, breast and bladder cancer
Genomic Health Ocotype SEQ Sequencing N/A
Identifying 17 gene mutations
CDBIO CANCERBOX Li+@C60
Molecular Sensing
Less than $100
Measuring the energy level of cancer substances by using the characteristics of Li+@C60 (lithium endohedral fullerene)
Myriad myRisk Sequencing $4,500
28 Cancer Genes Panel
Foundation Medicine FoundationACT™ Sequencing
(Deep seq)
$5,800
Executing deep seq by using ctDNA(61 genes in total)
Qiagen REPLI-g
Single Cell Kit
PCR $800
Developing isolation kits such as ctDNA, MIRNA, and RNA
Trovagene Trover Test Sequencing N/A
Monitoring cancer gene mutations by using urine (EGRF, KRAS, BRA)